The Domaine was established at the beginning of the century by Armand Rousseau who,  had inherited several plots of vines located in the commune of Gevrey-Chambertin. Armand Rousseau came from a family of small landowners, winemakers, coopers and wine merchants.

His marriage in 1909 will increase the size of his vineyard and help increase sales of its wines through the provision of additional vineyards and buildings (cellars and winery) located where is the actual Domaine ie in the oldest part of the village right by the 13th century church.

Armand Rousseau first began marketing his wines in bulk to regional merchants. Then quickly, he acquired new plots of the most prestigious vineyards, Charmes-Chambertin in 1919, Clos de la Roche and Chambertin in 1920 and 1921, and decides to sell his most renowned wines in bottles to  restaurants and individuals, encouraged by Raymond Baudoin, the founder of the Revue du Vin de France.

Over the years, it continues to expand his realm with the purchase of Grands Crus, now classified in 1935 during the creation of the Institute of Appellations of Origin, Mazy-Chambertin 1937, Mazoyères-Chambertin 1940 (marketed under the name Charmes-Chambertin), Chambertin in 1943 and 1956. Le Clos St. Jacques was acquired in 1954 on behalf of his son Charles, who, after completing classical secondary education and studied law and then Oenology at the University of Dijon, joined his father in 1945 to manage the family estate.

In 1959, following the death of Armand Rousseau in an automobile accident, Charles Rousseau is at the head of a 6 ha estate that will continue to grow rapidly thanks to its know-how and acquiring new vineyards, primarily in the Grands Crus, several parcels of Chambertin Clos de Beze in 1961, 1989 and 1992, Clos des Ruchottes in Monopoly in the year 1977, and Chambertin in 1983, 1990 and 1993.

In the early 1980s, two vaulted cellars were dug to increase the storage capacity necessary to acquire additional vineyards, a casks cellar and a bottle aging cellar.

At the same time, his son Eric, after completing his secondary education at the Lycee Agricole et Viticole Mâcon Davayé and a year of specialization in Oenology at the University of Dijon, joined in the Family, where he is involved since in vine growing and winemaking.